赤小豆功效与作用

本属多种植物含有N-甲基金雀花碱、N-甲基四氢金雀花碱、红豆树宁碱、黄花木碱等生物碱。
1.赤小豆 含糖类，三萜皂甙(triterpenoidsaponin)。每百克含蛋白质20.7g，脂肪0.5g，碳水化物58g，粗纤维4.9灰分3.3g，钙67mg，磷305mg，铁5.2mg，硫胺素(thiamine)0.3lmg，核黄素(riboflavine)0.11mg，烟酸(nicotinicacid)2.7mg等。　　2.从赤豆中分离得到3-呋喃甲醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3-fu-ranmethanol-β-D-hlucopyranoside)，右旋儿茶精-7-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖甙(catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)和1D-5-O-(a-D-吡　　喃半乳糖基)-4-O-甲基肌醇[1D-5-O(a-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O-methyl-myoinositol]。还分离得到6个齐墩果烯低聚糖甙(oleanene-oligoglycosides)：赤豆皂甙(azukisaponin)Ⅰ，即是3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基]槐花二醇{3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] sophoradiol｝;赤豆皂甙Ⅱ，即是3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基]大豆皂醇B{3-O[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B｝;赤豆皂甙Ⅲ，即是3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基]赤豆皂醇{3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(l→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]azukisa-pogenol｝;赤豆皂甙Ⅳ，即是3-O[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-28-O-吡喃葡萄糖基(l→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]刺叶丝石竹酸{3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)28-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] gypsogenic acid｝;赤豆皂甙Ⅴ，即是3-O-[a-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(l→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基]大豆皂醇B{3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyra-nosyl(l→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B｝和赤豆皂甙Ⅵ，即是3-O-[β-D吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醋酸基]-29-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]赤豆皂醇{3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)β-D-glucuropyranosyl]-29-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]azukisapogenol｝。　　从赤豆的热水提取物中还得到三种黄烷醇鞣质(flavanoltannins)：D-儿茶精(D-catechin)、D-儿茶精(D-epicatechin)和表没食子儿茶精(epigallocatechin)。从新鲜种子中分离到原矢车菊素(procyanidin)B1和B3。